京津冀区域龙卷风灾害特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜康云  顾光芹  许启慧  杨铭  刘金平  白璐瑶 《气象科技》2019,47(1):140-146

基于气象报表、中国气象灾害大典、气象灾情数据库以及档案馆地方志等历史资料,查阅1956—2016年京津冀区域的龙卷风个例,按照"增强藤田级别"龙卷风强度等级分类标准,采用专家评定法对龙卷风个例进行定级,并运用时间序列、趋势分析和空间分析方法,对龙卷风的时空分布、灾害特征进行了统计分析。主要结论如下:①1956—2016年,京津冀区域共确认龙卷风个例188个,空间分布上,龙卷风发生最多的区域有2个,一是张家口坝上4县:张北、尚义、沽源、康保,二是京津冀东部地区,特别是沧州、天津、唐山、秦皇岛沿海地区是龙卷风高发区;②时间分布上,1985—1993年龙卷风发生次数最多,90年代以后呈下降趋势;③龙卷风在夏季发生次数占总数的81.9%,龙卷风主要发生时段为11:00—20:00;④对有灾情记录的122个龙卷风个例,经专家评定,EF4和EF3级各1例,EF2级14例,EF1级52例,EF0级54例。  相似文献   

华北克拉通奥陶纪岩浆活动——来自河南安阳岭头地区白垩纪闪长岩中继承锆石U- Pb年龄的证据     

杨长青  巴燕  王艳慧  何凯  白国典 《地质论评》2023,69(3):1150-1160

通过高精度的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,在太行山南段河南安阳县岭头一带白垩纪闪长质侵入岩中获得一批443.6±6.1 Ma(MSWD=6.3)的年龄数据,相当于晚奥陶世晚期,这是在华北克拉通内部发现的首例反映加里东期岩浆侵入活动的高精度锆石U-Pb定年数据,为揭示华北克拉通早古生代构造岩浆演化提供了依据。结合区域上同期构造岩浆事件的特点,认为443.6±6.1Ma的锆石可能为华北克拉通板内裂解拉张作用的产物,它是奥陶纪晚期(440 Ma前后)古劳亚大陆分裂,华北克拉通漂离加拿大地盾和北美内陆地台,同时形成北太平洋——这一影响全球的构造地质事件在华北克拉通内部的响应。鉴于稳定克拉通地区奥陶纪岩浆侵入活动与金刚石原生矿存在极高的关联度,本次发现也为在鹤壁地区寻找金刚石原生矿提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

利用InSAR技术获取高寒高海拔地区高精度DEM   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杜青松  李国玉  彭万林  周宇  柴明堂  李金明 《测绘通报》2021,(3):44-49

本文以Sentinel-1A SLC数据为原始影像,利用InSAR技术获取新疆西天山中部高寒高海拔地区小区域DEM,将获得的DEM与常用的SRTM v4 DEM和GDEMDEM进行对比分析。结果表明：利用InSAR技术处理Sentlnel-1A SLC数据可以获得分辨率为15 m的高精度DEM,该DEM数据精度优于SRTM v4 DEM和GDEMDEM,能更好地描绘地表地形细节,可作为输入数据获取地面高精度形变信息,为工程建设和地质灾害评价提供重要的基础数据。此外,该方法对DEM数据的更新也具有重大意义。  相似文献   

喜马拉雅地区与天山地区地壳强地震的孕震因素探讨     

陈应君 《中国地震》2019,35(2):305-318

利用哈佛大学GCMT数据中心和前人积累的历史地震资料(1962～2016年MW 4.0地震)以及Crust2.0地壳结构统计分析了喜马拉雅地区、天山地区的地壳区域构造与地震活动间的相关性。此外,利用GFZ地学研究中心提供的静态卫星重力模型GGM03S/EGM2008和地形模型Topo计算了2个地区的各类重力异常场,同时还模拟了不同地壳弹性参数下的重力异常场,结果表明喜马拉雅地区重力异常场在水平、垂直方向的梯度特征远大于天山地区的异常特征,且喜马拉雅地区的有效弹性板厚度T_e(6～15km)小于天山地区的有效弹性板厚度T_e(20～30km)。最后,利用喜马拉雅地区与天山地区的GPS震间三维形变场约束了断层运动模型,结果显示两者主前缘断裂的断层闭锁深度及应力积累状态存在较大的差异。因此认为,造成青藏高原及邻区的边界地壳区域地震活动性差异的动力学因素,与地壳有效弹性板厚度、孕震断层参数及区域应力积累状态等密切相关。  相似文献   

秦岭—淮河南北供暖格局变化及其影响因素     

李双双  延军平  武亚群  汪成博 《地理学报》2019,74(9):1866-1877

基于秦岭—淮河南北及其周边196个气象站点观测资料,构建实际和动态供暖指数,对中国南北过渡带供暖格局变化进行分析,并探讨冬季北极涛动（AO）异常与供暖效率的响应关系。结果表明：① 固定供暖策略下,1960-2016年秦岭—淮河南北实际供暖能耗偏高,呈现“南多北少,西低东高”的变化特征,且低纬度地区供暖需求下降信号早于高纬度;② 对比区域变暖前后,秦岭—淮河南北冬季供暖能耗1960-1990年和1990-2016年两阶段空间特征,发现“整体南高北低,北部东高西低”的格局并未发生变化,供暖南北波动界线依然维持在秦岭山脉—淮河平原中部;③ AO强弱波动与区域冬季供暖能耗具有明显的时空响应关系,是影响中国南北过渡带供暖格局变化的重要因素。当AO负相位时,除四川盆地和巫山山区之外,秦岭—淮河南北其他区域实际供暖能耗明显下降,特别是淮河平原和长江下游的过渡地带响应尤为明显,未来应该有针对性制定气候适应对策。  相似文献   

宾川地区的地壳厚度和泊松比分布特征研究     

邓嘉美  金明培  陈佳  高琼  张华英  王军  叶泵 《中国地震研究》2017,31(1):79-89

This paper presents the changes of crust thickness and Poissons ratios distribution in the Binchuan region,where the first air-gun transmitting station and its a small dense array were deployed.From September 2011 to January 2014,more than 239 teleseismic events of M≥6.0 were recorded in 16 stations in the Binchuan region.Their P-wave receiver functions were analyzed respectively.The high spatial resolution result shows that the average crust thickness of Binchuan region is 45.3km,it follows the rule of"deeper in the north and east part,shallower in the south and west part."The deepest region is in Xiaoyindian Station;the crust thickness is 47.9km;the shallowest region is in Paiying Station,it has the thickness of 42.1km.It shows that the deeper Moho surface nearby the Chenghai fault and shallower nearby the Honghe fault;the isoline distribution of thickness changes greatly nearby the Chenghai fault and slowly nearby the Honghe fault.From the distribution of Poissons ratios,it is unevenly in the study area with a great difference from the north part to the south part,which shows a characteristic of"lower in the north,higher in the south".The Poissons ratio nearby the Honghe fault is medium too high(0.26≤σ≤0.29);lower nearby the Chenghai fault(σ≤0.26).This paper concludes the possible reason of different characteristic between Poissons ratio and crust thickness is thicker in the upper crust in the Binchuan region.  相似文献   

泛北极地区多年冻土活动层厚度演变   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

蔡红艳  韩冬锐  杨林生  陈慕琳  杨小唤 《遥感学报》2020,24(8):1045-1059

深入理解泛北极地区多年冻土活动层厚度的演变, 对于全球碳通量模拟、气候变化预测及泛北极地区冻融风险评估具有重要意义。目前开展的泛北极地区多年冻土活动层厚度模拟与分析, 大多无法全覆盖或空间分辨率过低(25 km或是更大), 在景观尺度(公里级)上的多年冻土活动层厚度变化特征仍有待解析, 尤其是关键基础设施区的活动层厚度变化仍不清楚。本研究基于站点监测数据、MOD11B3地表温度数据、MCD12C1土地覆盖数据, 采用Stefan模型, 在公里级空间分辨率上模拟泛北极地区2001年—2017年多年冻土活动层厚度, 并解析泛北极地区及主要油气区多年冻土活动层厚度时空变化格局及主要原因。研究发现: 2001年—2017年泛北极地区约有78.4%的冻土区域多年冻土活动层厚度呈现增长趋势, 尽管全区多年平均的增长速率为0.22 cm/a (p<0.05), 但具有较强的时空差异性。显著增长区主要集中在加拿大西北部的落基山脉及劳伦琴高原一带以及俄罗斯中西伯利亚高原中部地区, 增加速率主要在0.5—1 cm/a；而减少区主要分布在加拿大的哈得孙湾沿岸平原、拉布拉多高原一带, 俄罗斯的东西伯利亚山地北部、中西伯利亚高原的北部、贝加尔湖以东区域和泰拉尔半岛一带。泛北极地区主要油气区多年冻土活动层厚度也以增加为主, 80%以上的油气区呈现增加趋势, 增长速率在0.1—0.7 cm/a。泛北极地区多年冻土活动层厚度变化与气温变化在空间上具有较好的一致性；积雪厚度与活动层厚度关系复杂；不同植被类型的多年冻土活动层厚度有所差异(林地>草地>稀树草原>灌丛), 且多年冻土活动层厚度变化与植被转化方向一致。该成果将有助于深入理解北半球高纬度多年冻土区冻融格局, 尤其可为冻土区的油气设施冻融风险识别与防控提供参考。  相似文献   

Monitoring and modelling of hydrological processes in the semiarid region of Brazil: The Cariri experimental basins     

Vajapeyam S. Srinivasan  Hugo M. de Alcântara  Carlos de O. Galvão  Ulisses A. Bezerra  John E. de Brito Leite Cunha 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14194

Catchments have highly variable yields of runoff and soil erosion. The size, land use and the surface cover play a significant role and influence the catchment response and parameter values of simulation models. Two experimental basins—the Cariri basins—were equipped in a semi-arid region of Brazil, for obtaining runoff and sediment yield at different catchment scales, as well as, to evaluate the influence of the land use and surface cover. In the first basin, located in the municipality of Sumé, the field studies were carried out at two different scales: four micro-catchments with an area of around 0.5 ha and nine standard Wischmeier-type erosion plots of 100 m². The experimental units had varied vegetation and management. They were subjected only to natural rainfall events, and were monitored from 1982 to 1991. The total runoff and total sediment yield were determined for each of the events. The installations in the second basin, in the municipality of São João do Cariri, from 1999, include two erosion plots, three micro-catchments, and two sub-catchments of a small basin. These basins are still being monitored for runoff and sediment production. Among the micro-catchments two are nested to detect any scale effect at the micro-catchment level. Nearly 600 events of precipitation, that produced runoff in at least one of the experimental units, have been registered. These data have been used to evaluate the influence of various factors, including cultivation practices and to calibrate hydrological models for plots and micro-catchments. Parameters have been tested by means of cross validations among micro-catchments and sub-catchments. The data sets are made available to all the catchment hydrology researchers and others at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690886 .  相似文献   

Understanding the hydrological system dynamics of a glaciated alpine catchment in the Himalayan region using the J2000 hydrological model          下载免费PDF全文

S. Nepal  P. Krause  W.‐A. Flügel  M. Fink  C. Fischer 《水文研究》2014,28(3):1329-1344

This paper provides the results of hydrological modelling in a mesoscale glaciated alpine catchment of the Himalayan region. In the context of global climate change, the hydrological regime of an alpine mountain is likely to be affected, which might produce serious implications for downstream water availability. The main objective of this study was to understand the hydrological system dynamics of a glaciated catchment, the Dudh Kosi River basin, in Nepal, using the J2000 hydrological model and thereby understand how the rise in air temperature will affect the hydrological processes. The model is able to reproduce the overall hydrological dynamics quite well with an efficiency result of Nash–Sutcliffe (0.85), logarithm Nash–Sutcliffe (0.93) and coefficient of determination (0.85) for the study period. The average contribution from glacier areas to total streamflow is estimated to be 17%, and snowmelt (other than from glacier areas) accounts for another 17%. This indicates the significance of the snow and glacier runoff in the Himalayan region. The hypothetical rise in temperature scenarios at a rate of +2 and +4 °C indicated that the snowmelt process might be largely affected. An increase in snowmelt volume is noted during the premonsoon period, whereas the contribution during the monsoon season is significantly decreased. This occurs mainly because the rise in temperature will shift the snowline up to areas of higher altitude and thereby reduce the snow storage capacity of the basin. This indicates that the region is particularly vulnerable to global climate change and the associated risk of decreasing water availability to downstream areas. Under the assumed warming scenarios, it is likely that in the future, the river might shift from a ‘melt‐dominated river’ to a ‘rain‐dominated river’. The J2000 model should be considered a promising tool to better understand the hydrological dynamics in alpine mountain catchments of the Himalayan region. This understanding will be quite useful for further analysis of ‘what‐if scenarios’ in the context of global climate and land‐use changes and ultimately for sustainable Integrated Water Resources Management in the Himalayan region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

套管井偶极弯曲波频散向高频偏移的特性          下载免费PDF全文

李刚  吕伟国  崔志文  马俊  王克协  谢荣华  刘继生  吕秀梅 《地球物理学报》2018,61(1):379-388

对套管井偶极弯曲模式波的频散特性进行了系统的数值考察、实例对比和分析.发现套管井弯曲波频散曲线随地层横波速度的降低，特别是地层横波速度小于2000 m·s^-1以下，会迅速移向高频区，偶极弯曲波基础模式主频散区（或截止频率）可出现在13 kHz以上，以致超出了现行低频偶极子声波测井仪的激发与接收频带，这是一过去没有被研究者注意到的现象，并进一步被现场实例所证实.研究表明控制套管井弯曲波频散曲线主频散区位置的主要是钢套管的厚度和地层横波速度.对地层横波速度大于井孔流体声速的快速地层，在钢套管壁厚一定（8 mm）的情况下，频散曲线主频散区可移至11 kHz以上，可能出现的最大可能频域位置是同一井孔内径，井外全钢时的频散曲线上等于、小于地层横波速度那一段，这对各种地层和套管参数都是适用的.对地层横波速度小于等于井孔流体声速（1500 m·s^-1）的慢速地层，弯曲波频散曲线随地层横波速度的降低移向高频区的特点更为明显，可能移至16 kHz以上；而套管厚度的影响，也比快速地层大的多，对地层横波速度小于1380 m·s^-1的慢速地层，无论用多高的频率激发，都不能在现行使用的各类套管井（壁厚6~12 mm）中用偶极声波测井仪测到弯曲模式波.  相似文献